122 The Balkan Wars

The first Balkan War, which broke out in October 1912, demonstrated the weakness of the Ottoman Empire. The Committee for Unity and Progress, which seized power following a coup in early 1913 and had a strong military component, identified reform of the armed forces as one of its priorities, based essentially on European examples. In May 1913 a German military mission was invited to Istanbul to reorganize the military, and in 1914 the Ottomans formed an alliance with Germany.

Mudafaa-i Millye [National Defense]
Istanbul , 1913
Periodical, vol 3, no 59, 33 x 24

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