In the Netherlands the socialist movement received the most support from the Algemene Nederlandse Diamantbewerkersbond established in 1894 under the aegis of Henri Polak (1868-1943). Polak created the ‘modern’ labour union, with officials whose responsibilities consisted solely of union matters and strike coffers, capable of staging disciplined action, making possible a closed-shop system. The ANDB fought for an eight-hour working day, here at a meeting on 3 and 4 October 1911, after some had accomplished a ten-hour working day early that year thanks to the new Labour Act.